ABSTRACT Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy. Thyroid cancers are more common especially in developed and developing countries where thyroid nodule detection and sampling are performed more frequently. Although most thyroid cancers have an indolent clinical course, their increasing incidence has led to the investigation of oncogenic changes in tumor cells and treatments targeting them. Fusion genes, known as driver or passenger mutations in many cancers, are chimeric genes that cause parts of two or more genes to join together. They may occur as a result of chromosomal rearrangements or abnormal transcription.