ABSTRACT Hearing loss is one of the most important public health problems worldwide, which seriously affects human social and cognitive development. Although sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), characterized by severe hearing loss, is very common in adults, treatment methods are limited to the use of external hearing aids and cochlear implants. The developments in the field of molecular technology have provided a new and effective way in the prevention and treatment of hearing-related diseases by making a major breakthrough especially in inner ear hair cell regeneration research, thanks to methods such as gene editing, gene silencing and gene replacement. In this study, gene therapy approaches that have been investigated in order to eliminate hearing loss in individuals with sensorineural hearing loss due to genetics, ototoxicity, noise and old age were compiled.