ABSTRACT Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most aggressive and treatment-resistant primary brain tumors observed in adults. In recent years, exosomes, which are small extracellular vesicles involved in intercellular communication, have garnered significant interest due to their roles in cancer progression and treatment resistance. Exosomes derived from glioblastoma facilitate bidirectional signaling between tumor cells, stromal cells, and immune cells, emerging as key mediators of intercellular communication within the tumor microenvironment. These exosomes carry a variety of bioactive molecular cargos, including proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, which collectively modulate various aspects of tumor biology.