ABSTRACT Sudden Hearing Loss (SHL) is characterized by hearing loss of at least 30 dB, seen in three consecutive frequencies and developing within 72 hours. The cause of SHL cannot be determined in 90% of cases, but causes such as viral infections, vascular problems, and autoimmune diseases should be investigated. Epidemiologically, the annual incidence is 5-20 cases per 100,000 people. Early initiation of treatment is critical, and corticosteroids are the first choice. Advanced treatment options include intratympanic corticosteroid injections and post-auricular steroid injections, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, and combinations of these. Rapid initiation of treatment is important for reversibility of hearing loss. In addition, personalized approaches are recommended in the treatment of SHL. Studies are ongoing to understand the genetic and molecular biological basis of SHL.